91.100.15 (Mineral materials and products) 标准查询与下载

ASTM C97/C97M-15 标准测试方法吸收尺寸石材的比重

4.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differences in absorption between the various dimension stones. These test methods also provide one element in comparing stones of the same type. 1.1 These test methods cover the tests for determining the absorption and bulk specific gravity of all types of dimension stone, except slate. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone

ASTM C406/C406M-15 石板屋顶的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers the material characteristics, physical requirements, and sampling appropriate to the selection of slate for use as roof shingles. 1.2 Slates not included in this specification are those containing soft carbonaceous ribbons. The wide variation in physical properties and composition of such ribbon slates render their service life uncertain under some conditions of use. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

Standard Specification for Roofing Slate

ASTM C1352/C1352M-15 石材弯曲弹性模量的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method is useful for providing engineering values for stress and deflection analysis of stone panels. It is also useful in indicating the differences in flexural modulus of elasticity between various dimension stones and stones of the same type in different loading directions (parallel and perpendicular to rift or bedding planes). 1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flexural modulus of elasticity of stone by using a simple beam with quarter-point loading. 1.2 Stone tests may be made with load applied perpendicular to the bedding plane or rift and with load applied parallel to the bedding plane or rift. 1.3 Stone tests may be made for wet and dry specimen conditions. 1.4 The specifier of the test shall determine which conditions shall be used. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Flexural Modulus of Elasticity of Dimension Stone

ASTM C241/C241M-15 承受步行交通的石头耐磨性的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between the various building stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of all types of stones for floors, steps, and similar uses where the wear is caused by the abrasion of foot traffic. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.2.1 Exception—The formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurements of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units. See 9.1 and 10.1. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic

ASTM C170/C170M-15 尺寸石材抗压强度的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type. 1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Dimension Stone

ASTM C99/C99M-15 尺寸石料断裂模数的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in modulus of rupture between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of rupture of all types of dimension stone except slate. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimension Stone

ASTM D6711-15 指定岩石填充石笼、护坡垫和石笼垫的标准实施规程

5.1 Gabions and mattresses, described in Specifications A974 and A975, are placed on sites for soil stabilization and to prevent soil erosion. Their ability to function properly depends on their stability, which is partly dependent upon the rocks filling them. Rock sizes should be chosen to prevent individual rocks from falling through the mesh of the gabions or mattresses. The rock also has to withstand natural weathering processes during the life of the project that would cause it to breakdown to sizes smaller than the wire mesh opening dimensions. 1.1 This practice covers the sizes and quality of rock to fill gabions and mattresses. The term mattress as used in this standard shall include the terminology of gabion mattresses and revet mattresses used in Specifications A974 and A975. 1.2 This practice does not cover the sizes and quality of rock for other erosion control uses such as riprap or drainage. 1.3 This practice does not cover the material properties or construction of gabions or mattresses. 1.4 The values in this practice are in English units and are to be regarded as the standard. SI units are given. 1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Specifying Rock to Fill Gabions, Revet Mattresses, and Gabion Mattresses

ASTM C1515-14 新建或已建外部规格石块垂直及水平的表面清洁标准指南

4.1 Exterior dimension stone is chosen for use in contemporary architecture in part because of its aesthetic appeal. Aesthetics can be significantly diminished when dirt, grime, fly ash, algae and other contaminants collect on the surface of stone. 4.2 This guide is intended to assist those who wish to preserve the original appearance of a new structure or to return a stone-clad building to its original color and appearance. 4.2.1 Note that cleaning may not be able to return discolored or faded stone to its original appearance. 4.3 This guide may be used as a construction document. 1.1 This guide describes materials and procedures which may be used to clean dimension stone exteriors as well as the conditions under which they may be used. It is intended to aid owners, maintenance supervisors and building managers, architects and engineers, and contractors in cleaning vertical exterior dimension stone on commercial, residential and institutional structures. This guide may also be helpful to those who wish to clean stone masonry on bridges, retaining walls, ramps, and plazas, and free-standing stone objects such as statuary, memorials and grave markers. 1.2 This guide relates primarily, to routine maintenance of the surface finish of exterior dimension stone. The techniques noted herein may not be appropriate or cost effective with regard to restoration of disfigured, severely soiled or stained stonework, or of stonework of particular historic importance. In cases where staining occurs on surfaces which have cultural, civic, historic or architectural significance, consultation with a specialist is recommended. 1.3 The user of this guide should also obtain and have on file at both the job site and the office Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) describing the nature of all chemical products utilized during the cleaning process. 1.4 A file of literature from the manufacturers of all products involved within the scope of each project should be available for reference. 1.5 These procedures are not intended for interior stonework. 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requi......

Standard Guide for Cleaning of Exterior Dimension Stone, Vertical And Horizontal Surfaces, New or Existing

ASTM D6825-14 抛石护坡堆放的标准指南

4.1 Riprap is a commonly used form of scour protection and general slope protection. Riprap provides a long term solution when properly sized and installed. Riprap has structural flexibility so it will conform to irregular surfaces and adapt to minor subgrade settlement. It is often appropriate for use in conjunction with soil bioengineering (vegetation establishment) alternatives. In some environments, riprap may provide habitat for benthic organisms and fish. 4.2 Revetments provide a facing or lining to armor a surface; and the layer thickness is typically minimized while providing the necessary resistance to scour. In this case, standardized practices to obtain consistent coverage having acceptable thickness tolerances and voids become important. 4.3 This guide may be used by owners, installation contractors, regulatory agencies, inspection organizations, and designers and specifiers who are involved in the construction of riprap revetments. Modifications may be required for specific job conditions. This guide is not intended for construction specifications on large projects, but may be referenced where preparation of job specific construction specifications are not justified. If this practice is included by reference in contract documents, the specifier must provide a list of supplemental requirements. 1.1 This guide covers methods to place riprap with associated filters for erosion control purposes. This guide does not recommend a specific course of action because of the diverse methods and procedures that are capable of producing a functional product. This guide identifies favorable riprap qualities and recommends practices best suited to obtain those qualities. The production of rock, use of recycled materials, rock with cut dimensions, and engineering and revetment design are beyond the scope of this guide. Special forms of riprap, including hand placed riprap, grouted riprap, or keyed (plated) riprap that is tamped into place to smooth the surface, are also beyond the scope of this guide. 1.2 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been developed and approved through the ASTM consensus process 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard may involve hazardous operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Placement of Riprap Revetments

ASTM C1790-14 粉煤灰饰面砖的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers fly ash brick intended for use in masonry, which are made from fly ash, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, and without the use of portland cement. This specification covers units intended for use in masonry, in both structural and facing applications. 1.2 Units covered under this specification include a fly ash binder that undergoes hydraulic, pozzolanic, alkali-activated, or geopolymer reactions, or any combination thereof. These chemical reactions, in conjunction with the other materials in the units, provide the strength and durability necessary to meet the requirements of this specification. Note 1: This specification addresses properties of units formed using fly ash, aggregates, and other allowed binders. Although not required by this standard, users may request tests that establish assembly performance such as unit-mortar bond and fire resistance. As an alternative to tests, evidence of successful use in similar applications could be provided to establish assembly performance. 1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Fly Ash Facing Brick

ASTM C1799/C1799M-14 规格石料试样取样和制备的标准指南

4.1 The purpose of testing dimension stone is to quantify the various material properties of the stone. The test should consistently predict performance of the stone in a specific application. Many of the test methods that have been developed are specific and attempt to approximate the anticipated behavior of the stone in the manner that is intended to be used, such as flexural strength, compressive strength, and anchor strength. Other test methods provide general information about the stone, such as absorption and density. Test data provides the designer with information required to produce rational designs and assess if the stone will perform adequately for its intended use. 1.1 This guide covers sampling, selection, preparation, and conditioning of specimens that will be used to test material properties of dimension stone. 1.2 This guide sets forth basic recommendations for sampling and preparation of dimension stone test specimens and provides information regarding variables that should be considered. 1.3 This guide is intended to be used by architects, engineers, contractors and material suppliers who design, select, specify, install, purchase, fabricate, finish, or test natural stone products for construction applications. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Sampling and Preparation

ASTM D5993-14 测量铺地合成纤维织物粘土衬里单位质量的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used to determine if the GCL material meets specifications for mass per unit area at approximately 08201;% moisture content, by oven-drying. It can be used as an index test for quality control or quality assurance to determine specimen conformance. 1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the mass per unit area of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL). The test method is also applicable to a multicomponent GCL. The dry mass of the clay can be found by simply subtracting the manufacturer's reported nominal mass of the geosynthetic component(s) from the total mass of the dry GCL. The moisture content of the GCL can also be determined by subtracting the initial total mass of the GCL from the total mass of the dry GCL. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 8 for specific precautionary statements.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

ASTM D4992-14 评估侵蚀控制用岩石的标准实施规程

4.1 The field examination and petrographic examination in this practice along with appropriate laboratory testing may be used to determine the suitability of rock for erosion control. It should identify and delineate areas or zones of the rock, beds, and facies of unsuitable or marginal composition and properties due to weathering, alteration, structural weaknesses, porosity, and other potentially deleterious characteristics. 4.2 Both the rock mass properties and the rock material properties must be evaluated. 4.2.1 The rock mass properties are the lithologic properties of the in situ rock that must be evaluated on a macroscopic scale in the field. These would include features such as fractures, joints, faults, bedding, schistosity, and lineations, as well as the lateral and vertical extent of the rock unit. 4.2.2 The rock material properties are those lithologic properties that may be evaluated using small specimens and thus can be subject to meaningful laboratory testing. These properties would include mineral composition, grain size, rock hardness, degree of weathering, porosity, unit weight, and many others. 4.3 Rock proposed for use in erosion control applications will normally be classified as either filter bedding stone, riprap stone, armor stone, or breakwater stone. However, these procedures may be also extended to rocks used in groin and gabion structures.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors. 1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of rock to be used for erosion control. The complexity and extent of this evaluation will be governed by the size and design requirements of the individual project, the quantity and quality of rock required, and the potential risk for property damage or loss of human life. 1.2 It is not intended that all of the evaluations listed in this practice be addressed for every project. For some small, less critical jobs, a visual inspection of the rock may be all that is necessary. Several of the evaluations listed may be necessary on large, complex, high-hazard projects. The intensity and number of evaluations made on any one project must be determined by the designer. 1.3 Examination of the rock at the source, evaluation of similar rock exposed to the environment at any field installations, as well as laboratory tests may be necessary to determine the properties of the rock as related to its predicted performance at the site of intended use (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).2 1.4 The examination of the rock at its source is essential to its evaluation for erosion control and aids in the planning of the subsequent laboratory examinations. Very large pieces of rock up to several tons weight are used in the control of erosion; thus great c......

Standard Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used for Erosion Control

ASTM C652-14 空心砖(粘土或页岩制空心砌块)的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers hollow building brick and hollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion. Four types of hollow brick in each of two grades and two classes are covered. In this specification, the term hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface, containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 758201;% of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane (see 4.3). This specification does not cover brick intended for use as paving brick (see Specification C902). 1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 6) of this standard is beyond the scope of this specification. 1.3 Brick covered by this specification are ceramic products manufactured primarily from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. Additives or recycled materials are permitted to be included at the option of the manufacturer. (See “firing” and “firing bond” in Terminology C1232.) 1.3.1 This specification and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials. 1.4 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile (Specifications C34 and C212) and solid brick (Specifications C62 and C216). Hollow brick require greater shell and web thicknesses and higher minimum compressive strength than structural clay tile, but permit greater void area and lesser distance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick. Therefore, environmental and structural performance may be different in elements constructed of hollow brick from those constructed of structural clay tile or solid brick. 1.5 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification. 1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

Standard Specification for Hollow Brick 40;Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale41;

ASTM C216-14 饰面砖(粘土或页岩制实心砌块)标准规格

1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the structure. 1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 7) of this specification is beyond the scope of this specification. 1.3 The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. This specification is not intended to provide specifications for paving brick (see Specification C902). 1.4 Brick are ceramic products manufactured primarily from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). Additives or recycled materials are permitted to be included at the option of the manufacturer. The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see Terminology C1232). 1.5 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe the brick. 1.5.1 This standard and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials. 1.6 Three types of brick in each of two grades are covered. 1.7 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

Standard Specification for Facing Brick 40;Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale41;

ASTM C1088-14 粘土或页岩制薄饰面砖砌块标准规格

1.1 This specification covers thin veneer brick units made from clay, shale, fire clay, sand, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion for use in adhered or fastened veneer applications. Three types of thin veneer brick units in each of two grades are covered. In this specification, the term thin veneer brick shall be understood to mean clay masonry unit with a maximum thickness of 13/4 in. (44.45 mm). Note 1—Brick intended for paving should be specified under Specification C902. 1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 6) of this specification is beyond the scope of this specification. 1.3 Brick covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of the specification. (See “firing” and “fired bond” in Terminology C1232.) 1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

Standard Specification for Thin Veneer Brick Units Made From Clay or Shale

ASTM C1405-14 釉面砖(单烧、砖砌块)的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers brick, having a ceramic glaze finish fused to the body during the same process as the unit body firing, that are intended for use in masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the structure. This specification does not cover double-fired glazed brick. Some double-fired decorative glazes have physical properties which vary from those of single-fired glazes due to the lower temperatures used in applying the decorative coating. 1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements of this specification is beyond the scope of this specification. 1.3 Glazed brick are prismatic units available in a variety of sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. Glazed brick are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see Terminology C1232). 1.4 Glazed brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe the brick. 1.5 Glazed brick are classified into one of two grades, one of two types, one of two classes, and one of three divisions. 1.6 Opacity of the glaze is not required unless specified by the purchaser. 1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard. 1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Glazed Brick 40;Single Fired, Brick Units41;

ASTM D7708-14 显微测定沉积岩中分散的镜质体反射系数的标准试验方法

5.1 The mean reflectance of the vitrinite maceral in sedimentary rocks as determined by this test method is used as an indicator of thermal maturity, that is, the progressive geochemical alteration of dispersed organic material experienced during diagenesis, catagenesis, and metagenesis. In the case of hydrocarbon source rocks, three major categories of thermal maturity are defined by vitrinite reflectance: immature (Roran ≤0.5%), mature (Roran ≈ 0.5-1.35%), and overmature (Roran ≥ 1.35%) with respect to the generation of liquid hydrocarbons. Thermal maturity as determined by the reflectance of vitrinite dispersed in sedimentary rocks is similar to the rank classification of coals as presented in Classification D388 and measured similarly to the reflectance of vitrinite in coal as presented in Test Method D2798. The mean reflectance of the vitrinite maceral in sedimentary rocks correlates with geochemically determined parameters of thermal maturity and can be used to characterize thermal maturation history, to calibrate burial history models, and to better understand the processes of hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation in conventional and unconventional petroleum systems. 1.1 This test method covers the microscopical determination of the reflectance measured in oil of polished surfaces of vitrinite dispersed in sedimentary rocks. This test method can also be used to determine the reflectance of macerals other than vitrinite dispersed in sedimentary rocks. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Reflectance of Vitrinite Dispersed in Sedimentary Rocks

ASTM C170/C170M-14 天然建筑石料抗压强度的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type. 1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone. 1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Dimension Stone

ASTM D5370-14 施工用火山灰混合材料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers pozzolanic blended material for use in construction applications where the properties normally attributed to coal fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans, like silica fume, and slag cement. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Pozzolanic Blended Materials in Construction Applications